Ap calc ab 2011 frq

AP Calculus 2011 BC, Form B, FRQ Solutions Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver June 1, 2017 1 Problem 1 1.1 Part a According to the model, the height of the water in the can at the end of the 60-day period is Z 60 0 [2sin(0:03t)+1:5]dt= 2 0:03

Ap calc ab 2011 frq. Walkthrough of the 2013 AP Calculus AB FRQ #1Thanks for watching the video. I have a lot more free problem solving videos on my website for AP Calculus as we...

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2018 AP Calculus AB International Practice Exam from the 2018 administration ap calculus ab practice exam this exam may not be posted on school or personal. ... Free-Response Questions Multiple-Choice Answer Key Free-Response Scoring Guidelines Scoring Worksheet Question Descriptors and Performance Data Note: This publication shows the page ...AP Calculus 2019 AB FRQ Solutions Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 18, 2019 1 Problem 1 1.1 Part a Because sh enter the lake at the rate E(t) = 20 + 15sin ˇt 6, with tin hours after midnight, the number, F, of sh that enter the lake over the 5-hour period from t= 0 to t= 5, is ...AP® Calculus AB 2012 Scoring Guidelines. The College Board. The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 5,900 of the ...AP Calculus AB Review 1; 5.3: FRQ Modules 5-8 Powerpoint with Questions and Answers; AP Calculus AB Review 2; 5.4: 2016 MC Questions from BC Exam Day 1 2018 AB 5; MC Questions from 2016 BC Exam; AP Calculus AB Review 3; AP EXAM ON 5/5/2020. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org. AP®Calculus AB 2021 Free-Response Questions. CALCULUS AB. SECTION II, Part A. Time—30 minutes 2 Questions. A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR THESE QUESTIONS.

Sample: 1A. Score: 9. The response earned 9 points: 2 points in part (a), 2 points in part (b), 2 points in part (c), and 3 points in part (d). In part (a) the difference quotient of 10 6 in the first line would have earned the first point with no simplification. In.Ap21 frq calculus ab 2021 ap calculus ab questions 2021 college board. college board, advanced placement, ap, ap central, and the acorn logo are registeredAP Calculus 2021 AB FRQ Solutions Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 11, 2021 1. Solution: We begin by writing r 0 = 0, r 1 = 1, r 2 = 2, r 3 = 2:5, and r 4 = 4. (a) To approximate f0(2:25) from the given data, we writeSample: 1B. Score: 7. The response earned 7 points: 1 point in part (a), 2 points in part (b), 1 point in part (c), and 3 points in part (d). In part (a) the difference quotient of 10 - 6 in the first line would have earned the first point with no simplification. In.Sample: 6A Score: 9. The response earned all 9 points: 2 points in part (a), 2 points in part (b), 3 points in part (c), and 2 points in part (d). In part (a) the student presents a correct expression for f ′( x ) in line 1 and earned the points for f ′(π ) in line 4. The expression in line 2 would have also earned the points for f ′(π ...By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, the integral Z 12 0 r0(t)dt= r(12) r(0) (30) gives the change, in feet, in the radius from its value at t= 0 to its value at t= 12. 5.4 Part d The function ris given concave down, so r0is a non-increasing function. Consequently, r0(t) r0(b) when tlies anywhere in an interval [a;b]. It follows that each ...

Meet an AP®︎ teacher who uses AP®︎ Calculus in his classroom. 3:26. Bill Scott uses Khan Academy to teach AP®︎ Calculus at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and he's part of the teaching team that helped develop Khan Academy's AP®︎ lessons. Phillips Academy was one of the first schools to teach AP®︎ nearly 60 years ago.A limit, is the y value a function approaches as it approaches a certain x value. On the AP Exam, they will be written in this notation: This means that as x approaches a, on the graph of f (x), the value on the y-axis that the function approaches is L. Limits can be solved for on a graph- follow the function to as close to the x value it ...AP Calculus 2017 AB FRQ Solutions Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 18, 2017 1 Problem 1 1.1 Part a The approximation with a left-hand sum using the intervals given is 50:32+14:43+6:55 = 176:3: (1) 1.2 Part b1 f(t)dt, so it follows from the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus that g0(x) = f(x). Hence g0( 3) = f( 3), and we read the latter from the graph: Thus, g0( 3) = f( 3) = 2. From our conclusion above that g0(x) = f(x), it follows that g00(x) = f0(x) wherever the latter exists. But the graph of y= f(x) is a straight line of slope 1 in the vicinity ...

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AP Calculus 2011 AB, Form B, FRQ Solutions. AP Calculus 2011 AB, Form B, FRQ Solutions. Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 31, 2017. 1 Problem 1. 1.1 Part a. According to the model, the height of the water in the can at the end of the 60-day period is Z60 0. [2sin(0:03t)+1:5]dt= .AP® Calculus AB 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations.2022 AP Calculus AB Free Response Questions Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 13, 2022 1. We are given, e ectively, A(t) = 450 p sin(0:62t), where 0 t 10, as the rate|in vehicles per hour|at which vehicles arrive at a toll plaza, with trepresenting the time elapsed since 5 A.M. AP Calculus 2011 AB, Form B, FRQ Solutions. AP Calculus 2011 AB, Form B, FRQ Solutions. Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 31, 2017. 1 Problem 1. 1.1 Part a. According to the model, the height of the water in the can at the end of the 60-day period is Z60 0. [2sin(0:03t)+1:5]dt= . 2007 AP Calculus AB Exam #3.Topics: Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT), Mean Value Theorem (MVT), Second Fundamental Theorem, Chain Rule, Derivative of InverseAP® Calculus AB 2003 Scoring Guidelines Form B. The materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program®. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities for noncommercial, face-to-face ...

The College Board. The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves seven million students ...AP Calculus AB Scoring Guide Unit 1 Progress Check: FRQ Part B Copyright © 2017. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program.AP® Calculus AB 2004 Free-Response Questions The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,500 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, theAP® Calculus AB 2003 Scoring Guidelines Form B. The materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program®. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities for noncommercial, face-to-face ...Teaching AP Calculus is challenging but the 48 hours between the exam and the free response release are probably the hardest! We love seeing the new questions and working through them, always amazed at the original ways the College Board incorporates multiple concepts into a single question. You can see this year's AB questions here. Although the official scoring guidelines don't release ...AP Calculus AB Scoring Guide Unit 2 Progress Check: FRQ Part B Copyright © 2017. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program.The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 6,000 of the world’s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to ...The student earned all 9 points. Sample: 5B Score: 6. The student earned 6 points: 3 points in part (b), 1 point in part (c), 1 point in part (d), and the units point. In part (a) the student finds the tangent line approximation correctly but does not compute the estimate nor state a conclusion or reason.Question 4. ( after being launched upward from an initial height of 0 feet at time ) t = 0 seconds. The velocity of the rocket is recorded for selected values of t over the interval 0 t 80 seconds, ≤ ≤ as shown in the table above. (a) Find the average acceleration of rocket A over the time interval 0 t ≤ 80 seconds. Indicate units of ≤ ...So 3 times 8 is 24 times x squared. 24 x squared. f prime of 1/2 is equal to 24 times 1/2 squared, which is equal to 24 times 1/4, which is equal to 6. So the slope of this line is equal to 6. I'll use m for slope. That's the convention that we used when we first learned it in algebra. So the slope is going to be 6. The constant of integration appears late, so the student was not eligible for any additional points. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org. AP® CALCULUS AB. 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES. Question 5. At the beginning of 2010, a landfill contained 1400 tons of solid waste. The increasing function.

AP Calculus Free-Response Solutions and Notes. Question AB-1. ( 30 ) − A ( 0 ) The average rate of change is. 30 − 0. ≈ − 0.197 pounds per day. (b) A′ ( 15 ) ≈ − 0.164 pounds per day. On day 15, the amount of grass clippings remaining in the bin is decreasing at the rate of 0.164 pounds per day. 30 (c) The average amount of grass ...

AP® Calculus AB 2016 Scoring Guidelines Author: College Board Subject: AP; Advanced Placement; 2016 AP Exam Administration Keywords: AP; Advanced Placement; 2016 AP Exam Administration; scoring information; scoring resources; student samples; chief reader reports; exam data; exam information; exam preparation; teacher resources; ADA-compliant2011 AP Calculus AB Exam Form B #6.Topics: Definite integral with geometry and the Fundamental Theorem, critical points, Second Fundamental TheoremThe model for exponential growth and decay that arises from the statement “The rate of change of a quantity is proportional to the size of the quantity” is. MPAC 3. Implementing algebraic/computational processes. MPAC 4. Connecting multiple representations Te Collee oar. 10 Sample uestions A Calculus AB/BC Exam.Welcome to Mathwired! I go over the released 2008 AP Calculus: AB FRQ. Whether you're in AP Calculus AB or AP Calculus BC, hopefully you'll find this video h...Non-fungible tokens may be revolutionizing the way we own and transact with digital assets in the 21st century, but they’re no different than old-school physical assets in one impo...AP Calculus 2005 AB FRQ Solutions Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver July 14, 2017 1 Problem 1 1.1 Part a The area of the region Ris R a 0 4 x 1 4 sinˇx dx, where ais the smallest positive solu-tion of the equation 1+4sinˇx= 41 x: (1) Numerical solution, and then a numerical ...Back to Mr Calculus 2011 FREE RESPONSE SOLUTIONS AB #1 BC #1 AB/BC #2 AB #3 BC #3 AB/BC #4 AB/BC #5Walkthrough of the 2017 AP Calculus AB FRQ #1. Thanks for watching the video. I have a lot more free problem solving videos on my website for AP Calculus as ...AP Calculus BC Scoring Guide Unit 9 Progress Check: FRQ Part A Copyright © 2017. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program.4. Budget your time. This is one of the more important AP® Calculus FRQ tips to master. You will have a total of six FRQs. Part A will contain two FRQs and is 30 minutes long (calculator permitted). Part B will contain four FRQs (calculator not permitted) and is one hour long.

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Discussion of the 2011 AP Calculus free‐response questions (operational forms) This is a discussion of the questions on the operational forms of the 2011 AP Calculus AB and BC exams. The purpose is to make the reader aware of the approach and style of the questions - what topics the exams test and how they test them - and in hopes that ...may 24th a form calculus ab exam had the hardest frq ever it was full of bs. I LEFT 4 PARTS BLANK. was it the cylinder one. The cylinder with water one was the hardest. All the other FRQ's were quite easy or at least doable based on what should've been taught at school. The part about 50*ln (2) o calculator was hard, that definitely should ...AP ® CALCULUS AB FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS CALCULUS AB SECTION II, Part A Time—30 minutes . Number of questions—2 . A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR THESE QUESTIONS. 1. People enter a line for an escalator at a rate modeled by the function r given by ⎧ ⎪ t t. 3 7 ⎪⎪ 44 1 for 0 ££ t ⎪ ()(rt ()=⎨ 100 300− ) 300 ...2021 AP Calculus AB and AP Calculus BC Exam Free Response #3The Spinning Toy problem!Full playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6iwkLfBjZixEcq-TH...• The exact value of ( ) 150 0 1 150 ∫ g t dt is 12 25sin . 125 16 • A response may present the average value formula in single or multiple steps. For example, the following response earns both points: ( )20.051 pounds of bananas are removed from the display table during the first 2 hours the store is open. (b) f ′ ( 7 ) = − 8.120 (or − 8.119 ) After the store has been open 7 hours, the rate at which bananas are being removed from the display table is decreasing by 8.120 (or 8.119) pounds per hour per hour. (c) g ( 5 ) − f ( 5 ) = − 2. ...Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.AP Calculus AB Scoring Guide Unit 1 Progress Check: FRQ Part B Copyright © 2017. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program.May 6, 2012 ... AP Calculus AB 2011 form B frq 3. ….

4 years ago. I've been led to believe that any justification on the AP Calculus AB Exam requires us to use the given information. If that's the case, this would be my justification: "x = 0 is an extremum point of f (x) and thus an extremum point of f (x) + 2 = g' (x). x = 0 is, therefore, an inflection point of g (x)."AP® Calculus AB 2011 Free-Response Questions . About the College Board . The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. 20.051 pounds of bananas are removed from the display table during the first 2 hours the store is open. (b) f ′ ( 7 ) = − 8.120 (or − 8.119 ) After the store has been open 7 hours, the rate at which bananas are being removed from the display table is decreasing by 8.120 (or 8.119) pounds per hour per hour. (c) g ( 5 ) − f ( 5 ) = − 2. ... Download the PDF file of the free-response questions for the AP Calculus AB exam in 2011. The file contains four problems with solutions, two with graphing calculator and …AP ® Calculus AB 2011 Free- Response Questions About the College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 5,900 of the world's leading educational institutions ...AP Calculus 2021 AB FRQ Solutions Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 11, 2021 1. Solution: We begin by writing r 0 = 0, r 1 = 1, r 2 = 2, r 3 = 2:5, and r 4 = 4. (a) To approximate f0(2:25) from the given data, we write2011 AP Calculus AB and AP Calculus BC Exam Free Response Question #2Table problem!Topics: Approximate rate of change, average value, interpret average value...AP® Calculus AB 2010 Scoring Guidelines The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. Ap calc ab 2011 frq, Time - 1 hour and 30 minutes Number of problems - 6. Let f be the function given by. 4 3 2 f ( x ) = 3 x + x − 21 x. Write an equation of the line tangent to the graph of f at the point (2,-28). Find the absolute minimum of f. Show the analysis that leads to your conclusion. Find the x-coordinate of each point of inflection on the graph ..., 1. Let R be the region bounded by the graphs of y. sin p x. 3 and y x. 4 x , as shown in the figure above. Find the area of R. The horizontal line y 2 splits the region R into two parts. Write, but do not evaluate, an integral expression for the area of the part of R that is below this horizontal line., AP Calculus AB 2022 Free-Response Questions, 2017 AP ® CALCULUS AB FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS CALCULUS AB SECTION II, Part A Time—30 minutes Number of questions—2. A GRAPHING CALCULATOR IS REQUIRED FOR THESE QUESTIONS. 1. A tank has a height of 10 feet. The area of the horizontal cross section of the tank at height h feet is given by. the function A, where . Ah …, Calculus pervades math (obviously) and the sciences. Even a scientific discipline like biology can use calculus to study rates of diffusion etc. It also has very important implications for the study of physics (which was kind of why it was invented) and engineering. Whenever you play a video game that involves laws of physics (like gravity ..., AP® Calculus AB 2011 Scoring Guidelines The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college …, AP Calculus 2011 AB, Form B, FRQ Solutions. AP Calculus 2011 AB, Form B, FRQ Solutions. Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 31, 2017. 1 Problem 1. 1.1 Part a. According to the model, the height of the water in the can at the end of the 60-day period is Z60 0. [2sin(0:03t)+1:5]dt= ., Arkansas School of Mathematics, Sciences and the Arts Prepared by L. Marizza A. Bailey AP Calculus Free Responses Categorized by Topic • Continuity and ..., Bored Apes Yacht Club maker Yuga Labs announced Friday that they have acquired the rights to the CryptoPunks and Meebits NFT collections from creator Larva Labs. Bored Apes and Cry..., 2022 AP Calculus AB Free Response Questions Louis A. Talman, Ph.D. Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Metropolitan State University of Denver May 13, 2022 1. We are given, e ectively, A(t) = 450 p sin(0:62t), where 0 t 10, as the rate|in vehicles per hour|at which vehicles arrive at a toll plaza, with trepresenting the time elapsed since 5 A.M., CALCULUS BC SECTION II, Part A. Time—30 minutes Number of problems—2. A graphing calculator is required for these problems. 1. A cylindrical can of radius 10 millimeters is used to measure rainfall in Stormville. The can is initially empty, and rain enters the can during a 60-day period. The height of water in the can is modeled by the ..., Score Higher on AP Calculus 2024: FRQ Tips from Students. 7 min read. 2015 FRQ Review. streamed by Brandon Wu. AP Cram Sessions 2021. ... AP Calc AB Cram Unit 3: Differentiation: Composite, Implicit, and Inverse Functions. slides by Meghan Dwyer. Live Cram Sessions 2020. Limits, Continuity & Differentiability., Solutions to the Free Response 2007 AP Test questions. Back to Mr. Calculus. Solutions to AP 2007 test. AB/BC #1. AB/BC #2. AB #3. BC #3. AB #4. BC #4., Unit 5: Analytical Applications of Differentiation. After exploring relationships among the graphs of a function and its derivatives, you'll learn to apply calculus to solve optimization problems. Topics may include: Mean Value Theorem and Extreme Value Theorem. Derivatives and properties of functions., Ap calculus ab 2017 practice exam. AP Calculus AB. Assignments. 95% (189) 2. ... AP Calc FRQ Area - Volume; Related Rates Worksheet; AB Mock 1Review; Related documents. 3) Log Properties; Scanned Document 17 - shsjd; Homework #41 - Intro to Differential Equations; HW 5 - Worksheet; HW 5.11 practice part 1;, AP® CALCULUS AB/CALCULUS BC 2019 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 (a) 5 Et d t 153.457690 0 To the nearest whole number, 153 fish enter the lake from midnight to 5 A.M. 1 2 : : integral 1 : answer (b) 1 5 50 Lt d t 6.059038 0 The average number of fish that leave the lake per hour from midnight to 5 A., 2011 Calculus AB free response #6b. 2011 Calculus AB free response #6c. These are example problems taken directly from previous years' exams. Even if you aren't taking the exam, these are very useful problems for making sure you understand your calculus (as always, best to pause the videos and try them yourself before Sal does)., The constant of integration appears late, so the student was not eligible for any additional points. 2011 The College Board. Visit the College Board on the Web: www.collegeboard.org. AP® CALCULUS AB. 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES. Question 5. At the beginning of 2010, a landfill contained 1400 tons of solid waste. The increasing function., 2010 CALCULUS AB FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Graph of g' 5. The function g is defined and differentiable on the closed interval [—7, 5] and satisfies g(0) = 5. The graph of y = g'(x), the derivative of g, consists of a semicircle and three line segments, as shown in the figure above. (a) Find "(3) and g(—2). (b) Find the x-coordinate of each ..., Welcome to Mathwired! I go over the released 2011 AP Calculus: AB FRQ. Whether you're in AP Calculus AB or AP Calculus BC, hopefully you'll find this video h... , Download the PDF file of the free-response questions for the AP Calculus AB exam in 2011. The file contains four problems with solutions, two with graphing calculator and …, Find the free response questions and solutions for the AP Calculus AB 2011 exam. Practice topics such as speed, temperature, tangent lines, integrals, and differential equations with step-by-step explanations., Non-fungible tokens may be revolutionizing the way we own and transact with digital assets in the 21st century, but they’re no different than old-school physical assets in one impo..., AP® Calculus AB 2010 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations., Write your responses to this question only on the designated pages in the separate Free Response. booklet. Write your solution to each part in the space provided for that part. A particle, P, is moving along the x-axis. The velocity of particle P at time t is given by v t P () = sin t1.5. for 0 £ t £ p ., AP® Calculus AB 2009 Free-Response Questions The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 5,600 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations., AP Calculus AB Scoring Guide Unit 4 Progress Check: FRQ Part A Copyright © 2017. The College Board. These materials are part of a College Board program., And then we just took the natural log of the right-hand side as well. And then to solve for x, we can divide both sides by negative 4. So you get x is equal to-- or we could multiply both sides by negative 1/4, either way-- negative 1/4 natural log of 3/4. And what we need to do is verify that this x., The AP® Calculus AB exam consists of two major sections: multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and free-response questions (FRQs). In this guide, we'll take a look at the FRQ section of the exam. We will start by breaking down the format of Section II of the AP Calculus AB exam and give you tips to maximize your points on the FRQs., AP® Calculus AB 2011 Free-Response Questions. About the College Board. The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. , AP® Calculus AB 2004 Free-Response Questions The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the association is composed of more than 4,500 schools, colleges, universities, and other educational organizations. Each year, the, 1. According to the model, 270 people enter the line for the escalator during the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 300. 300. t = 300 is 80. = 414.286 (or 414.285) seconds. The number of people in line is a minimum at time t = 33.013 seconds, when there are 4 people in line. , AP® Calculus AB 2002 Scoring Guidelines. The materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program®. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face ...